The reasons why second dose of COVID-19 vaccine has worse side effects

More than 55 million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine have been administered in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

More Americans have received the vaccine developed by Pfizer-BioNTech (28 million) than the Moderna-developed vaccine (26 million).

About 15 million people have already received a second dose.

The only coronavirus vaccine shots approved for use in the U.S. right now are versions from Pfizer and Moderna, each of which requires two shots.

It is known that the first vaccine teaches your body how to react to the virus. The second dose has stronger side effects because your body has now been exposed to that vaccine once and your immune system has boosted somewhat so it is more common to see reactions with dose two.

The U.S Food and Drug Administration reported the most common side effects are pain in the injection site, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, headache, joint pain and fever.

The FDA also reported more people are experiencing those side effects after the second dose, and vaccine providers and recipients should expect it.

Read more: What should you do before and after getting a COVID-19 vaccine

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Read more: The side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and messages from volunteers 

Mild side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination tend to clear up within 48 hours of injection. Serious side effects, such as anaphylactic allergic reactions, are rare.

Dr. Wilbur Chen, of the University Of Maryland School of Medicine said " It’s very variable. It’s hard for me to say who is going to get those side effects and if they’re going to be more profound after that first or second dose"

He said compared to people who are older, those younger than 65 years old, who have more robust immune systems, might respond to the vaccine with more severe symptoms.

They feel like they’re very achy, feverish, have a sore throat or a headache, and it might be severe enough that they want to call out sick from work for a day or two.

He said if symptoms do develop, they might show up within a few hours after vaccination, they typically won’t last longer than two days.

Read more: The reasons why you should worry about AstraZeneca vaccine

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Read more: Comparing vaccines: country of origin, safety, efficacy, and approval

They can be treated with over the counter medicine, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen or naproxen.

It is not recommended you take these medicines before vaccination for the purpose of trying to prevent side effects because it is not known how these medications may impact how well the vaccine works.

The fear of side effects should not discourage people from getting the full course of vaccination, pointing out that while the first dose of vaccine improves your immunity by about 50 percent, it’s only about 2 weeks after the second shot that vaccine protection against symptomatic COVID-19 rises to 95 percent.

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